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Artist: Rene Descartes(1596-1650) Confronting Bodies: The Jesuits Date of Action: 1633 Specific Location: Italy, Soviet Union Description of Artwork: "Les Meditations Methaphysiques," 1641: a more elaborate development of the fourth part of the "Discourse," his metaphysical doctrine since the science of the physical world must, in his view, be based on the absolute certainty of the real world. Constructed as a single argument, each link is dependent on the previous in an elaborate "order of reasons." Description of Incident: 1633, Holland: Descartes, a devoted Catholic, abandoned his treatise on Copernican beliefs when he learned that Galileo's treatise had been suppressed in Rome for supporting Copernicus's hypothesis of the earth revolving around the sun. Rome, Italy: Through the influence of Jesuits, this author's work containing Copernican theories were placed on the Index, and forbidden in many institution of learning until corrected or expurgated. Results of Incident: 1665 Italy-Rome: "Les Meditations Methaphysiques" was placed on the Index until corrected, as the whole system was opposed of Aristotle. 1926 Soviet Union: All philosophical works suppressed. 1948 Italy-Rome: "Les Meditations Methaphysiques" and six other books remained on the Index. Source: Banned Books 387 B.C. to 1978 A.D., by Anne Lyon Haight, and Chandler B. Grannis, R.R. Bowker Co, 1978. |