Description of Incident: Buarque claimed that "In Spite of You" was about an unhappy love affair, but the censors viewed it as an attack on the government. Many of Buarque's songs were banned thereafter, until a point when anything he wrote, regardless of content, fell victim to censorship. For a time Buarque recorded songs under various pseudonyms, however, the government changed the law so that all music produced needed positive identification from the author. In 1974 Buarque was given authorization to produce a play but the permission was reneged several weeks before the play's premier.

Results of Incident: Buarque was able to release an album in 1978 that included a few of his banned songs. He became involved in a committee to reform censorship in 1980.